EMG-Biosensor for Operator’S Force Measurement During Rotary Root Canal Instrumentation Using Three Different Rotary Systems.

Abstract

Recent developments in design of endodontic files are mostly concerned with geometric details, with emphasis on the cross-sectional design. However, the material properties have also earned important developments. Ideally, a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) file should have excellent mechanical properties (measured by both the ultimate tensile strength and fatigue strength), it should be flexible enough to avoid canal perforation and damage, and its hardness should be great enough for a good cutting efficacy in the canal (1).