Risk Factors Determining to Uterine Myoma among Women in Semarang: A Case- Control Study

Abstract

Uterine myoma is a benign monoclonal tumor originating from myometrium smooth muscle cells; it is the most common gynecological disease in reproductive-age women. There are many risk factors contributing to the occurrence of uterine myoma, including age, race, hormonal status, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history, contraceptive use, lifestyle, and diet. The incidence of uterine myoma in Semarang has significantly increased in recent years, necessitating research to identify the factors associated with this condition. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, menarche, parity, family history, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, contraceptive use, lifestyle, diet, and the occurrence of uterine myoma in Semarang. The study employed an observational analytical approach with a case-control design, with 44 respondents in each group. Data were collected through medical records and interviews with patients diagnosed with uterine myoma at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between risk factors and the occurrence of uterine myoma. The results showed that age, parity status, family history of uterine myoma, and hypertension had a significant association with the uterine myoma incidence (p < 0,05). Additionally, a high-fat and low-fiber diet, exposure to stress, and a sedentary lifestyle contributed to an increased risk. In conclusion, various risk factors such as hormonal and metabolic factors play a role in the occurrence of uterine myoma. Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on weight management, blood pressure control, healthy diet, and regular physical activity. Although the results of this study show the influence of several risk factors on the development of fibroids, further research is necessary to understand all the risk factors contributing to the growth of myomas and how exactly these risk factors influence the pathogenesis of myomas.