Surface Roughness Analysis of Aramid Pulp- Reinforced PMMA for Denture Base Application- An in Vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: The surface roughness of denture base materials plays a significant role in clinical performance, impacting plaque accumulation, aesthetics, and patient comfort. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in prosthodontics for its favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, its surface characteristics can be further improved through reinforcement. Aramid pulp, known for its high tensile strength and thermal stability, has emerged as a promising reinforcing agent. This in vitro study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating 5% and 10% aramid pulp into PMMA on surface roughness after 30 days of immersion in artificial saliva.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness of PMMA denture base resin reinforced with aramid fibers (5% and 10%) and to assess the effect of aramid fiber incorporation on its surface texture.

Methods: Thirty rectangular heat-cure PMMA specimens were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 10 each):

• Group I (Control): Unmodified PMMA


• Group II: PMMA with 5% aramid pulp


• Group III: PMMA with 10% aramid pulp

Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C for 30 days. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a Mitutoyo SJ-210 surface roughness tester. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Group II exhibited the highest mean surface roughness (1.065 µm), while Group III had slightly lower roughness (0.982 µm) with improved consistency. Group I showed the lowest values. ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 3.683, p = 0.039).

Conclusions: Aramid pulp reinforcement modifies PMMA surface properties. A 10% concentration offers smoother, more consistent surfaces, making it potentially more suitable for long-term prosthetic success by enhancing aesthetics, hygiene, and patient satisfaction.