Influence of Different Temperature Ranges on the Level of Force in Elastic Chains: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic elastomeric chains are commonly used for space closure and tooth movement; however, their mechanical efficiency is significantly influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature.

Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of different temperature ranges on the force degradation of conventional orthodontic elastic chains.

Materials and Methods:  Twenty continuous-type orthodontic power chains (14 mm length, 5 lumens each) were divided into four groups (n = 5) and immersed in water at different temperatures: 5°C, 25°C, 37°C, and 60°C. Each specimen was stretched to 28 mm (100%) and tested for tensile force using a Dontrix gauge before and after a 140-minute immersion. Force reduction was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.

Results: Force degradation increased significantly with temperature. The mean percentage of force loss was 8% at 5°C, 12% at 25°C, 18% at 37°C, and 38% at 60°C. The differences between groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Temperature exerts a substantial influence on the force retention of elastic chains. Higher temperatures accelerate force degradation, potentially compromising clinical effectiveness. Orthodontists should advise patients regarding temperature-induced changes and suggest dietary habits that help maintain optimal appliance performance.