Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Butterfly Pea and Ginger: A Review on Their Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Potential

Abstract

The field of medical research dedicated to exploring natural therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of diabetes and obesity is expanding due to the increasing prevalence of these metabolic disorders. The plant species Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as Butterfly Pea Flower, is recognized for its medicinal properties, offering a rich array of bioactive phytochemicals, including anthocyanins and flavonoids, along with beneficial phenolic acids and alkaloids. The antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects of these compounds stem from their capacity to enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce oxidative stress, and regulate lipid metabolism. Additionally, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced through plant-mediated green nanotechnology represent a contemporary strategy for targeted drug delivery and enhancement of bioactivity. This review explores the role of Clitoria ternatea as a reducing agent in the synthesis of AgNPs, while also improving the properties of drugs in conjunction with Zingiber officinale, or ginger. Herbal tea solutions are investigated as multifunctional agents for both the creation of nutraceutical beverages and the synthesis of nanoparticles, offering a sustainable approach to managing chronic diseases. The development of plant-based solutions for diabetes and weight management appears promising through the integration of phytotherapy and nanotechnology. This review consolidates current evidence while addressing existing challenges to identify potential avenues for clinical application and scientific advancement.