Morphogenesis of Anterior Cruciate Ligaments on Both the Knee Joints in Adult Indian Population and Its Surgical Approaches: A Patient based Study

Abstract

Background: The strongest ligament in the knee joint, the anterior cruciate ligament aids in standing, rotational stability, and the avoidance of joint hyperextensibility. Collagen fibres connect it to the tibial and femoral insertions. Its anatomy differs depending on the race and is difficult to repair if it is ruptured. Its anatomy is essential for recognising their footprints, and this article analyses its relationship to the long bones of the lower leg to comprehend ligament reconstruction and restoration.

Obejectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the overall length of the ACLs in both knee joints and connect them with the lengths of the tibia and femur. Materials and Procedures: Observation and surgical procedures on 20 patients were observed in the study. The length of the ACL was measured using a digital calliper, and the femur and tibia were measured using a measuring tape. Result : The mean ± standard deviation of the total length of the ACL in the right and left knees is 29.42 ± 5.48 and 29.78 ± 4.07, respectively, and ranges from 19.5 - 37.1 and 22.5 - 34.7. The parametric distribution of femur length on the right and left sides is 42.97 ± 2.42, with ranges of 39 – 45.6, respectively, while the mean ± standard deviation of tibia length on both lower limb sides is 36.55 ± 1.87, with ranges of 34 – 37.8, respectively. All of the parametric distributions show a positive connection at the p<0.05 level of significance. In conclusion, the current study gives orthopedic surgeons the information they need to undertake surgery and grafting.