Evaluation of Serum Immunoglobulin M levels in Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients with and without periodontitis: A case control study

Abstract

Background/purpose: Advancement of periodontal disease was significantly higher in type II diabetic patients than in non-diabetic. The aim of the study was to assess the level of serum Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without periodontitis.

Materials and methods: A total of 120 patients were selected in this comparative study and they were divided into 4 groups. Periodontitis patients with T2DM, T2DM without periodontitis, systemically healthy periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy controls. Probing depth (PD), Clinical attachment level (CAL), and Bleeding on probing (BOP), HbA1c and IgM level was assessed in all the 4 groups.

Results: The results showed statistically significant difference among the groups for all the clinical parameters except for BOP. It was seen that there was a significant difference in the level of IgM between periodontitis patient with type 2 DM and the healthy group. With the increase in PD and CAL there was a proportionate increase in IgM levels. This shows that increase in the severity of periodontal destruction escalates the level of immunoglobulins.

Conclusion: Summarizing the results we can state that IgM can be considered as an immunological biomarker for periodontitis and type 2 DM independently.