Classification of Intracranial Space Occupying Lesions (ICSOL) based on histopathology: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background

Intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOLs) can be classified as neoplastic and non-neoplastic. Non-neoplastic etiologies for ICSOLs can further be classified into granulomatous, infectious, vascular, iatrogenic, demyelinating, parasitic disease, and traumatic. Several non-neoplastic conditions can mimic a brain tumor both clinically and on radiology, so histopathology is very useful in reaching an accurate diagnosis for ICSOL.

Aim

This extensive literature review aimed to broadly describe the histopathological variations that occur in ICSOLs.

Method

This study employed electronic and manual data resources, including scientific literature repositories/databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, ExcerptaMedica (EMBASE), Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science Core Collection, to screen all relevant published investigations throughout the last two decades (2000-2020).

Results

The initial electronic database/repository literature search identified 5,567 titles. Following pre-screening and inclusion/exclusion criteria implementation, 48 studies were shortlisted and consequently utilized for data extraction.

Conclusion

Intracranial tumors cover a broad spectrum, including both non-cancerous and cancerous growths, as well as those originating within the brain and those spreading from other body parts. To make an accurate diagnosis, it's essential to have comprehensive medical data, radiological findings, and a strong grasp of the cellular properties and immunohistochemistry associated with different types of tumors. The pathologist who conducts the surgery plays a pivotal role in recognizing and classifying these central nervous system lesions, which is vital for determining how patients will fare and what treatment approaches are most suitable.