Finite Element Analysis of Springback Behavior in SPCC Double-Layer Sheets During L-Die Bending: Influence of Die Radius, Clearance, and Plate Length

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of key geometric parameters—specifically die radius, punch–die clearance, and sheet length—on the springback behavior of double-layer SPCC steel sheets during L-die bending. Utilizing finite element method (FEM) simulations implemented in Abaqus, the research replicates the bending process to predict elastic recovery post-deformation. The simulated configurations mirror experimental setups referenced in a prior benchmark study for comparative validation. The numerical results reveal that the springback response in SPCC double-layer sheets is similarly sensitive to variations in die geometry and blank dimensions as observed in the referenced copper-aluminum layered material. Notably, increasing the die radius or decreasing the punch–die clearance significantly reduces elastic recovery, whereas longer sheet lengths result in greater springback. These trends highlight the importance of precise die design in minimizing geometric deviations after forming, especially in layered sheet metal applications. The findings contribute to an improved understanding of post-forming behaviors in advanced multilayer sheet materials and support the optimization of tooling configurations for enhanced dimensional accuracy in industrial forming processes.