Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Strategies with Future Perspective and Challenges

Abstract

Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been radically transformed by precision medicine made possible by the human genome project and next-generation sequencing (NGS). More individualized care is possible with precision medicine since it adjusts medications based on patients' unique genetic profiles. When it comes to early diagnosis, illness progression prediction, and treatment efficacy monitoring, biomarkers—and microRNA in particular—are indispensable. With the use of these biomarkers, illness tracking and treatment can be improved. Gene therapy, immunotherapy, neuromodulation, and Al-driven diagnostics are among of the innovative medicines that provide fresh hope for treatment. Immunotherapy aims to destroy dangerous protein aggregation, whereas gene therapy targets the underlying genetic causes of neurodegenerative diseases. Improved motor and cognitive function can be achieved by neuromodulation treatments. Early detection and progression tracking are both improved by AI applications. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier, finding disease-modifying medications, and reducing the high failure rates of clinical trials are all obstacles that need to be addressed. To enhance the results for individuals suffering from neurological diseases, it is crucial to keep pushing the boundaries of what is known about biomarkers and how treatments are delivered.