Impact of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition on Hamstring Flexibility: Integrating Neuro-Myofascial Connections in Modern Physiotherapy

Abstract

Introduction: Hamstring tightness is prevalent among individuals between 18–27, often leading to reduced flexibility, discomfort, and an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Various manual therapy techniques have been explored to improve hamstring flexibility, one of which is the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique. The SMI technique focuses on reducing tension and myofascial restrictions in the suboccipital region. It is commonly used in physiotherapy to promote muscle relaxation and enhance overall flexibility.

Objectives: This review aims to assess the effectiveness of the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique in enhancing hamstring flexibility. It analyses the immediate and short-term effects of SMI on hamstring mobility and explores its clinical relevance in the management of hamstring tightness.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review in accordance to PRISMA-ScR was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Research gate, focusing on full-text articles from 2014 to 2024.

Results: A total of 570 studies were retrieved, and after removing duplicates and those not meeting inclusion criteria, 13 studies conducted between 2014 and 2024 were included, comprising RCTs, comparative, interventional, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs The findings suggest that SMI technique leads to an immediate improvement in hamstring flexibility.

Conclusions: SMI technique an effective therapy in enhancing hamstring flexibility. studies reported a significant and immediate increase in Hamstring flexibility following its application. It can be effectively incorporated into pre-exercise routines and rehabilitation programs to address hamstring tightness in clinical settings.