Estimation of Thiamine Levels in Children with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background

Thiamine (vitamin B1) plays a vital role in glucose metabolism, yet its status in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), particularly during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), remains under-investigated. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thiamine deficiency and its association with glycemic control in pediatric T1DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 35 children with T1DM aged 1–18 years. Participants were categorized as newly diagnosed (DKA) or previously diagnosed. Serum thiamine levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Glycemic status was evaluated via HbA1c, insulin dose, and random blood sugar. Statistical comparisons and correlation analyses were performed.

Results: Thiamine deficiency was present in 60% of the cohort. The prevalence was higher in newly diagnosed children (72.7%) compared to previously diagnosed cases (54.2%). Mean HbA1c was significantly higher in the DKA group (13.03 ± 1.68%) versus previously diagnosed patients (7.33 ± 2.29%, p< 0.05). Thiamine levels were lower in children with HbA1c > 9%, but the difference was not statistically significant. No significant correlation was found between thiamine levels and HbA1c, insulin dose, RBS, or disease duration. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between HbA1c and daily insulin dose (r = –0.412, p< 0.05).

Conclusions: Thiamine deficiency is common in children with T1DM, particularly during initial presentation with DKA. While not directly correlated with glycemic markers, its high prevalence may have clinical implications. Routine screening and consideration of supplementation warrant further investigation.