Epidemiological Insights into Traumatic Injuries of Primary Anterior Teeth in Patna’s Preschoolers: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Traumatic injuries to primary anterior teeth are a significant public health concern, especially in preschool children. In the Patna region, these injuries can adversely affect oral health, aesthetics, and the overall quality of life. Early identification of injury patterns is essential for targeted preventive strategies.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the different types of traumatic injuries to primary anterior teeth among preschool children in the Patna region using a case-control study design.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted with a total sample size of 120 preschool children aged between 3 and 5 years. Cases (n=60) were defined as children presenting with clinically diagnosed traumatic injuries to primary anterior teeth, while controls (n=60) were age-matched children without any history of dental trauma. Data on the type, severity, and etiology of dental injuries were collected through clinical examinations and structured interviews with parents. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant associations between injury types and risk factors.

Results: The analysis revealed that the majority of injuries were classified as uncomplicated crown fractures. Falls and accidental collisions were the most common etiological factors. Children with a history of multiple falls were significantly more likely to experience traumatic dental injuries compared to those without such experiences (p<0.05). The study also identified a correlation between the socioeconomic status of the family and the incidence of dental trauma.

Conclusion: The study highlights that traumatic injuries to primary anterior teeth in Patna preschoolers are predominantly due to minor falls and accidents. Early preventive interventions, coupled with parental education and improved safety measures in preschool environments, can help mitigate the risk of such injuries.