Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System for Bioavailability Enchancement

Abstract

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have revolutionized the field of pharmaceutical sciences by providing a promising approach to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. By formulating drugs into nanoparticles, their solubility, stability, and permeability can be improved, leading to increased bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, and their applications in enhancing the bioavailability of various drugs. The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems offers several advantages, including increased surface area, improved permeability, and targeted delivery. Nanoparticles can be designed to interact with biological membranes, enhancing the permeability of drugs across epithelial barriers. Additionally, nanoparticles can be engineered to target specific tissues or cells, reducing the distribution of drugs to non-target sites and increasing their bioavailability. Nanotechnology is the concept used in NDDS that enables a weight reduction of drug particles accompanied by an increase in stability and improved functionality. Various approaches such as nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cyclodextrins, phytosome etc., are used for the enhancement of bioavailability. The present review focuses on the different approaches used for bioavailability enhancement along with their advantages and disadvantages.