Clinico-Etiological Presentation of Acute Kidney Injury among Females: A Descriptive Observational Study from Tertiary Care Centre, Latur, Maharashtra

Abstract

Background: AKI is a common and often devastating clinical syndrome allied with a high in hospital mortality rates. Among survivors, severe AKI requiring dialysis can result in non-recovery or incomplete progressing to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients who develop AKI are at considerable risk for the progression of CKD by 1 year following hospitalization, even for the less severe forms of AKI.

Objectives: To study the etiology and clinical presentation of acute kidney injury based on the endemicity of the area. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at the VILASRAO DESHMUKH MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL LATUR, a high-volume tertiary care hospital in MAHARASHTRA, India, involving 510 AKI patients as per KDIGO criteria.

Results: Most commonly affected age group in present study was more than 60 years (38.23%). Most common cause of Pre-Renal Acute Kidney Injury in present study was Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) i.e. 20% followed by infections in 16.5%. Most common cause of renal Acute Kidney Injury in present study was snake bite and unknown bite (18.8%) followed by poisoning (8.2%). Most common cause of post-renal Acute Kidney Injury was pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and bladder outlet obstruction (1.8%%) each. In present study, out of 510 patients, 81 patients died due to various causes of AKI leading to mortality of 15.88%, in which most common is due to MODS (29.6%) followed by CCF (25.9%). Paraquat poisoning accounted for 14.8% deaths and septic shock for 11.1% cases.

Conclusion: Oliguria, fever, edema and vomiting were commonly observed symptoms in AKI among females in our study. 53.5% patients had pre-renal while 41.2% patients had intrinsic type of acute kidney injury and 5.3% patients had post renal acute kidney injury. Death rate was 18.88% due to AKI