Potocalyxin (PDX) Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Potential Biomarker for Kidney Damage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Approximately 85% of diabetic cases are Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus causes diabetic nephropathy in the kidneys, which can result in kidney failure. As a result of its role in kidney podocyte development, potocalyxin (PDX) is one of the proteins that are expressed in kidney podocytes and that play a role in cancer development. With a purposive probability sampling technique, the sample size was calculated by taking a normal distribution of random samples across the sample size of 35 diabetics with diabetic nephropathy and 35 diabetics without diabetic nephropathy during the study. The results showed that the urinary PDX level in DM subjects with nephropathy were 1.173 ng/mL and DM without nephropathy were 0.167 ng/mL (p<0.001), the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) of DM subjects with nephropathy were 644.74 mg/ g and DM without nephropathy of 10.071 mg/g (p<0.001) and the correlation test results of urine PDX and urine ACR in DM subjects with nephropathy (r=0.520; p=0.001). There was an important difference in urinary PDX levels in diabetic nephropathy compared to diabetic nephropathy, as well as a significant difference in urine ACR levels between diabetic nephropathy and DM with and without diabetic nephropathy, and a significant correlation was found between urinary PDX and urine ACR in diabetic nephropath patients.