Isorhamnetin: A Phytochemical Powerhouse – Chemical Properties and Therapeutic Potential- A Review

Abstract

Isorhamnetin, a flavonoid derived from various plant sources, has gained attention for its diverse pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. It is known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects documented in the literature. This review aims to comprehensively examine the pharmacological profile of isorhamnetin, focusing on its various therapeutic effects including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties, anticancer mechanisms, neuroprotective effects, and cardioprotective actions. A literature review was conducted to gather evidence on the pharmacological activities of isorhamnetin. Studies investigating its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects were analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic potential. Isorhamnetin exhibits potent antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which is implicated in aging and chronic diseases. It modulates inflammatory pathways and cytokine production, suggesting therapeutic applications in inflammatory conditions. Additionally, isorhamnetin demonstrates anticancer effects through apoptosis induction, inhibition of proliferation, and suppression of angiogenesis in various cancer models. In neuroprotection, it protects neurons from oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, showing promise in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, isorhamnetin has shown cardioprotective effects by reducing cholesterol levels and enhancing endothelial function. Isorhamnetin exhibits a multifaceted pharmacological profile with significant therapeutic potential across multiple health conditions. While clinical trials and mechanistic studies support its safety and efficacy, challenges remain in optimizing its bioavailability and translating these findings into clinical practice. Future research should focus on addressing these challenges to fully harness the therapeutic benefits of isorhamnetin in human health.