Incidence of Various Types of Tuberculous Lesions in Indian Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

There is a growing concern in the world use synthetic polymers, especially because the products Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health issue in India, particularly among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), who are at increased risk of developing TB. The co-occurrence of TB and DM complicates diagnosis and treatment, especially with diverse TB lesion presentations in diabetic patients.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the incidence and types of TB lesions in Indian patients with diabetes mellitus, assessing the impact of glycemic control and duration of diabetes on lesion types.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 300 diabetic patients screened for TB lesions in a tertiary care hospital in India. Data were collected on demographic and clinical variables, including diabetes duration, HbA1c levels, and TB lesion type (pulmonary, extrapulmonary, or both). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23.0, with chi-square tests for associations and logistic regression to identify predictors of lesion types.

Results: Among the 300 participants (mean age 52.4 years, 58% male), 162 (54%) had confirmed TB lesions, with 56.8% (n=92) pulmonary, 31.5% (n=51) extrapulmonary, and 11.7% (n=19) mixed lesions. Poor diabetes control (HbA1c > 8.0%) and longer diabetes duration were significantly associated with extrapulmonary and mixed TB lesions (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified diabetes duration over 10 years (OR = 2.3, p = 0.001) and poor glycemic control (OR = 1.7, p = 0.02) as independent predictors of extrapulmonary TB.

Conclusion: Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control and prolonged diabetes duration have a higher risk of extrapulmonary and mixed TB lesions. Early screening and improved diabetes management in TB-endemic regions could help reduce TB incidence and improve clinical outcomes for co-morbid patients.

Recommendations: Integrated care strategies that include routine TB screening and glycemic management for diabetic patients, especially those with prolonged diabetes, should be implemented to manage TB risk effectively.