Assessment of Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Assisted Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Quadrupled Hamstring Tendon Graft
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Abstract
Introduction: ACL injuries are a prevalent concern in orthopaedic practice, particularly among athletes and individuals involved in physically intensive activities. The ACL is essential for maintaining knee stability, and its injury can result in considerable functional loss. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using a quadrupled hamstring tendon graft has gained attention due to its efficacy in restoring knee function with minimal complications at the donor site. This study is aimed to evaluate functional outcomes of ACL restoration utilizing this grafting approach.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital between June 2022 and June 2024, involving 30 patients with ACL injuries who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using a quadrupled hamstring tendon graft. Participants evaluated preoperatively & postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Functional outcomes were assessed using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Postoperative rehabilitation protocol involved progressive weight-bearing and physical therapy exercises to enhance knee strength and mobility.
Results: The study included 30 participants, with an average age of 34 years, the majority being male (76.67%). The leading cause of injury was road traffic accidents (46.67%), followed by slips and falls (30%). Postoperative results showed significant functional improvement, with the mean IKDC score increasing from 45 preoperatively to 92 postoperatively. 40% of patients achieved excellent outcomes, and 50% had good outcomes.
Conclusion: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using a quadrupled hamstring tendon graft yields excellent functional outcomes, particularly in young and active individuals. This technique provides robust knee stability, minimal donor site complications, and a high rate of restoring pre-injury function. Further long-term studies are recommended to evaluate durability of these positive outcomes.