To Study Micro and Macrovascular Complications Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and Without Hypertension- A Prospective Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. It is a global health concern, associated with microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular complications (cardiovascular disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease). Hypertension is a common comorbidity in T2DM, increasing the risk of these complications. Understanding the prevalence of these complications in T2DM patients with and without hypertension is essential for developing effective management strategies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This descriptive, non-experimental study included 176 T2DM patients, classified based on hypertension status (88 with hypertension, 88 without). The prevalence rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications were analyzed using various statistical tools, considering factors such as the type of complications, age, gender, and duration of hypertension and diabetes.

RESULTS 

The highest prevalence of complications was observed in patients aged 51-60 years (37.50% with hypertension) and 41-50 years (35.23% without hypertension). Males showed a slightly higher prevalence of complications (54.55% with hypertension, and 55.68% without). Microvascular complications were more common in patients without hypertension (retinopathy 17.05%, neuropathy 55.68%), except for nephropathy, which was slightly more prevalent in those with hypertension (24.42%). Macrovascular complications were more prevalent in patients with hypertension (CAD 28.41%, PAD 2.27%, CVD 10.23%).

 CONCLUSION

The study found a higher prevalence of both microvascular and macrovascular complications in T2DM patients with hypertension. However, while hypertension contributes to these complications, other factors, such as lifestyle, social history, and genetic predisposition, may also play a role. Further research is necessary to understand these interactions better and improve management strategies for T2DM patients.