Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy Benzyl Hydrazides Congeners

Abstract

Since 2-hydroxy benzyl hydrazide congeners may have biological functions, much effort has been paid to their design and production. The antibacterial and antioxidant qualities of these molecules are improved via structural modification. This study focuses on the synthesis of new derivatives of 2-hydroxy benzyl hydrazide and their evaluation for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. using molecular docking via PyRx, five derivatives (C-1, C-2, C-3, C-7, and C-12) out of thirteen derivatives were identified with good affinity scores.These five derivatives were synthesized and subjected to physicochemical characterization, including solubility, melting point, and Rf values, as well as spectral analysis through infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy, .In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, revealing that the IC50 Value of synthesized compounds (C-1; 223.87, C-2; 85.64, C-3; 162.18, C-7; 81.28 and C-12; 309.03µg/mL) and ascorbic acid (30.20 µg/mL) was found respectively. The radical scavenging activity (% RSA) or inhibition rates of compound code C-2 (85.64%), C-3 (86.49%) and C-7 (91.45%) shown good activity compared to the reference drug (Ascorbic acid; 93.58%). Based on their antioxidant potential, C-2, C-3, and C-7 were further evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the agar disc diffusion method against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. Compound C-7 exhibited a largerzone of inhibition (2.0 cm for S. aureus and 2.1 cm for E. coli) compared to the standard drug ciprofloxacin (1.9 cm).The results demonstrate that the synthesized 2-hydroxy benzyl hydrazide derivatives possess magnificent antibacterial and antioxidant activity compared to standard medications, making them promising candidates for further therapeutic development.