Current Update on Additively Manufactured Complete Dentures: A Literature Review

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide an update on the recent literature on digital denture fabrication with particular emphasis on 3D printed complete dentures in terms of accuracy, fit, mechanical properties, retention, longevity and patients’ satisfaction and future directions.

Methods: Two reviewers independently searched the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for full-length articles published between 2018 and 2024 that examined digital denture fabrication methods, manufacturing accuracy, clinical outcomes, and physical and mechanical properties.

Results: Regarding manufacturing dimensional accuracy, 3D-printed prostheses were inferior to CAD/CAM milling. 3D-printed prostheses longevity could be questionable due to their poor mechanical properties, surface characteristics and dimensional stability. Patient satisfaction was also lower for 3D-printed denture wearers due to their easy discoloration and opaque monotone shades.

Conclusions: In conclusion, although 3D printing offers promising advancements in efficiency and customization, there are still critical issues regarding the overall quality and performance of prostheses. Ongoing research is essential to address these challenges, improve material properties, and enhance patient outcomes.

Clinical Relevance: This review underscores the importance for clinicians to understand the properties of 3D-printed complete dentures to ensure informed decision-making that optimizes patient care and satisfaction.