Effects of RANAS on Breast Self Examniation as A Way of Early Breast Cancer Detection Among Women in Bengkulu, Indonesia: A PlS-SEM Approach

Abstract

Introduction: In 2020, breast cancer caused 685,000 fatalities among women worldwide. Breast self-examination (BSE) is well recognised as a primary tool for early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, the actual adherence of women to performing breast self-examination remains significantly low.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of RANAS (risk, attitude, norm, ability, and self-regulation) on breast self-examination behaviour.

Methods: This study utilised an analytical survey methodology with a cross-sectional framework. The sample exclusively comprised women aged 26 to 35 residing in Bengkulu city. The sample strategy employed was stratified sampling.

Results: The PLS calculation findings suggest that there is an indirect influence between the variables. If the p value is less than 0.05, it signifies a significant indirect influence, however if it is greater than 0.05, it suggests no significant indirect influence. The risk factor for breast self-examination is statistically significant, as indicated by a p-value of 0.048, which is less than the threshold of 0.05. Similarly, self-regulation is also statistically significant for the ability factor, with a p-value of 0.000, which is also less than 0.05. Self-regulation is a crucial factor in doing breast self-examination, as indicated by a statistically significant p value of 0.002, which is below the threshold of 0.05.

Conclusions: The prevalence of breast self-examination activity remains low due to various factors, including risk factors, attitude, social norms, capability, and self-regulation.