Cross Sectional Study of Surgical Site Infections in Patients with Varying Body Mass Indices

Abstract

Background: Surgical site infections can severely affect patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Extreme underweight and obesity increase the incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), hence BMI (Body Mass indicies)is a surgical risk factor. This study will examine surgical site infections in Patna Medical College and Hospital patients with different BMIs.

Methods: In June 2023 – June 2024, 100 surgical patients participated in a cross-sectional study. Underweight (< 18.5), normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9), and obese (≥ 30) patients were included in the study. Patients received elective and emergency procedures. Study variables included SSIs, patient demographics, and surgical procedures. The relationship between body mass index and SSI rates was examined using chi-square testing.

Results: According to the survey, 40% were underweight, 30% obese, 20% overweight, and 10% normal weight. BMI-SSI connection was statistically significant (p = 0.034). SSIs are more common in high- and low-BMI patients than in normal-weight ones.

Conclusion: It is known that underweight people are more likely to get infections, but this study shows that people of all weights are more likely to get SSIs. To avoid surgery site infections, our data make it clear how important it is to use a patient's body mass index to figure out their risk and make sure their treatment fits their needs. More and different kinds of people should be used in future studies to learn more about BMI and SSIs and find good ways to stop them.