Root Canal Treatment for Taurodontism in Mandibular Second Premolar - A Clinical Case report

Abstract

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the clinician's understanding of tooth anatomy and its variations. One such variation is **taurodontism**, a rare dental anomaly characterized by an enlarged pulp chamber and apically displaced furcation, leading to shortened roots. This condition primarily affects molars but can occasionally involve premolars. Taurodontism can occur as an isolated anomaly or be part of a syndrome, such as Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome, or tricho-dento-osseous syndrome. Due to its unusual anatomy, taurodontism presents significant challenges during endodontic treatment, particularly in identifying and managing the root canal system.

In this case report, we present a unique instance of endodontic treatment performed on a taurodontic mandibular premolar. Taurodontism in premolars is exceedingly rare, adding complexity to endodontic procedures. The variation in root canal morphology, coupled with an enlarged pulp chamber, necessitates a more thorough and meticulous approach to treatment. Diagnosis was confirmed using radiographic imaging, which helped in the detection of the complex root canal anatomy.

A step-by-step approach was followed, including careful access preparation, thorough cleaning and shaping of the root canals, and precise obturation to ensure complete sealing of the canal system. The use of advanced diagnostic tools and techniques, such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), was essential for treatment planning and execution.

This case highlights the importance of understanding anatomical variations like taurodontism in ensuring successful endodontic outcomes. It also underscores the need for tailored treatment approaches in cases of abnormal tooth morphology, demonstrating the role of clinical skill and adaptability in overcoming challenges associated with rare dental anomalies.