Oral Health Status among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in Rajasthan Population – A Case Control Study.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a common endocrine metabolic disorder characterized by chronically increased levels of blood glucose with altered protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolisms. 
Aims:  To assess the oral health status among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Rajasthan population. 
Objective: To evaluate and compare the oral health among uncontrolled type 2 DM patients and non-diabetic patients, controlled type 2 DM patients and non-diabetic control patients, uncontrolled and controlled type 2 DM patients. 
Methodology: 300 patients were selected for the study sample. A brief case history was taken followed by DMFT and periodontal index. Study sample were further divided into 3 equal groups of 100 each on the basis of HbA1c values. Periodontal index and DMFT were recorded.  Data collected and recorded were analyzed statistically. 
Result: In this study, males outnumbered females with a 1.38: 1 ratio. Females were less diabetic with 47.62% with HbA1c <5.7 as compared to 68 (39.08%) males. The mean DMFT score of cases with HbA1c <5.7 was 3.67 ±1.46, of 5.7-6.4 was 3.87 ±1.42 and that of >6.4 was 3.56 ±1.40. Mean Periodontal Index of cases with HbA1c <5.7 was 2.08 ±1.38, of 5.7-6.4 was 2.03 ±1.49 and that of >6.4 was 2.17 ±1.23. 
Conclusion: In this study, no statistical difference was found for the same parameters between Group A (uncontrolled >6.5), Group B (controlled 5.7- 6.4) and Group C (non diabetic <5.7) diabetics.  As we have seen there is no caries prevalence among diabetics which might be due to diet and other lifestyle modifications.