Assessment of Groundwater Contamination of the Northern Part of the Sana’a Basin along the Sewage Canal with Pesticide Residues.

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Sameera AL-Hakami, Saida Dowman, Aldoais Hassan, Nabil Alshwafi

Abstract

     The excessive use of pesticides by many farmers, using pesticides that do not belong to public health pesticides in agriculture and Qat production, and the pesticide dealers’ violation of the controls followed in the illegal supply of pesticides in many areas of Yemen, led to major violations in the use of pesticides by farmers and the disposal of pesticides. Improper waste of these pesticides eventually led to the contamination of water bodies and groundwater with many types of pesticides. On the other hand, pesticide residues are disposed of in an improper manner, as pesticide residues are poured into the sewage network and seep into the lower ground layers, which contributes to pollution. Groundwater with pesticides. This study aimed to determine the effect of wastewater on groundwater contamination with pesticides in the northern part of the Sana'a Basin, where 42 samples were collected from groundwater wells along the sewage canal in the study area. Samples were prepared for analysis by extracting water samples using N-Hexane solution, and pesticide residues were analyzed using ICP Varian-450 induction plasma (GC-ECD) technology. Four types of pesticides appeared in 5 wells 1, 14, 22, 3 and 33: Tolclovos, Thiamethoxam, and Cypermethrin at concentrations of 0.0040, 0.0014, and 0.0056 ppm, respectively. Lambda-cyhalothrin pesticides also appeared in Well 3 and Well 33 at concentrations of 0.000025 and 0.0039 parts per million, respectively. These results indicate that this water is not fit for use due to the resulting health and environmental damage. A comprehensive study of the studied area must be conducted to determine the main causes of pollution, enact strict laws and regulations to reduce pollution, and monitor the condition of groundwater to ensure that no pesticide contamination occurs, since groundwater is the main source of drinking water.

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