Pharmacognostical Standardization and Phytochemical Characterization of Ipomea eriocarpa leaves

Abstract

Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br., commonly referred to as annual morning glories or sanding sulo, belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. These plants display characteristics that bridge the gap between summer annuals and perennial broadleaf plants. Despite the numerous medicinal properties attributed to this species, no prior research has delved into the pharmacognostical characterization of its leaves. In order to explore the pharmacognostical and physicochemical profiles of I. eriocarpa leaves, a comprehensive investigation was undertaken. This investigation encompassed organoleptic assessment, macroscopic examination, microscopy, powder microscopy, leaf constant determination, fluorescence analysis, and preliminary phytochemical screening. Organoleptic and macroscopic observations revealed that the leaves are arranged alternately, possess a thin texture, spiral arrangement, dark green coloration, and exhibit an astringent taste with acute apexes. Further microscopic examination unveiled the presence of a cuticularized epidermis with polygonal cells in the transverse section. The mesophyll cells exhibited differentiation into single-layered palisade cells on each surface, as well as two to three-layered spongy parenchyma. Unicellular and uniseriate unicellular trichomes, paracytic stomata, and bowl-shaped vascular bundles in the midrib portion containing xylem and phloem tissues were also identified. Chemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and tannins. The data obtained from the assessment of leaf constants, powder microscopy, fluorescence characteristics, and physical parameters contribute significantly to the establishment of standardized criteria for this plant. This report on the pharmacognostical characterization of I. eriocarpa leaves serves as a vital tool for their accurate identification and authentication, as well as for the development of quality standards for this species. The findings of this study can be regarded as benchmarks for future research endeavors in this field.