Optimizing Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes: A Comparative Study of IZC Implants and Traditional Techniques for Class 2 Malocclusion Correction

Abstract

Background and Aim: This research investigates the effectiveness of a modern orthodontic approach, which utilizes mini-implants like infrazygomatic crest (IZC) implants, compared to traditional methods. The study assesses changes in cephalometric parameters before and after treatment, focusing on the use of IZC/buccal shelf (BS) screws versus conventional retraction techniques. Additionally, it examines the ability of IZC screws to efficiently move teeth while preserving the natural arch shape and dimensions.

Material and Methods: A split-mouth study was performed with a total of 20 patients at the Department of Orthodontics, Nims dental college and hospital. The selection of cases was based on Class 2 malocclusion. Patients in the control group had class 2 malocclusion and willingly underwent extraction of their first premolar. IZC screws were utilized to facilitate distalization for the study group. Study models were created and radiographs of the individuals were taken six months after the retraction began. On the lateral cephalogram, several parameters were compared, including U6 to Ptm, upper lip to E-line, lip strain, L1-Apog, L1-NB (angular), L1-NB (linear), U1-SN, U1-NA (linear), and L1-NA (angular). To measure the length of the arch, a horizontal line was drawn connecting the mesial fossa of the first molars in the same arch. Additionally, a perpendicular line was drawn from the center of the two central incisors.

Results: The results showed a significant difference in the measurements of U1-SN, U1-NA, L1-Apog, and L1-NB before and after treatment in the IZC group.  There was a significant difference in the measurements of U1-SN, U1-NA, L1-Apog, and L1-NB before and after treatment in the IZC group.

Conclusion: The effectiveness of IZC screws in en masse distalization and tooth retraction while maintaining arch length was found to be statistically significant, as shown by radiographic measures and measurements of the cast in the maxilla and mandible, when compared to conventional procedures.