Exploring the Relationship between Obesity and Glycemic Control in Type II Diabetes: Insights from a Diverse Population

Abstract

Introduction: Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global health challenge, with increasing prevalence exacerbated by obesity. This study explores the relationship between obesity and glycemic control in a diverse population.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 T2DM patients in urban and semi-urban locations, including Bhavani, Komarapalayam, Chinniyampalayam, and Thennampalayam. Participants were categorized by Body Mass Index (BMI) into normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9), obese class I (30.0-34.9), and obese class II (35.0-39.9). Data on glycemic control were collected using Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Random Blood Sugar (RBS) levels, along with additional health and lifestyle parameters. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were performed using SPSS software.

Results: Among the participants, 50% had a normal BMI, 23.5% were overweight, 21% were obese class I, and 5.5% were obese class II. Significant gender disparities were observed, with 65.5% of participants being female and showing higher obesity rates compared to males (χ² = 20.1, p < 0.05). Glycemic control was notably poorer in overweight and obese participants. For instance, 77% of obese class I participants had prediabetic FBS levels, and 20% had diabetic FBS levels, compared to 38% of normal BMI participants having normal FBS levels (χ² = 22.8, p < 0.05). Health challenges such as tiredness (33.5%) and increased thirst (23%) were more prevalent in higher BMI categories (χ² = 18.4, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study highlights a significant relationship between obesity and impaired glycemic control in T2DM patients, with notable gender disparities and associated health challenges. Comprehensive weight management interventions are crucial for improving glycemic outcomes, particularly in diverse populations.