The Hidden Dangers: Cytotoxic Effects of Orthodontic Materials Explored

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment is a commonly used method for correcting dental misalignments, utilizing materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Although chosen for their mechanical properties and biocompatibility, concerns have been raised regarding potential cytotoxic effects on oral tissues. This abstract provides a concise overview of cytotoxicity associated with orthodontic materials, emphasizing the impact on cellular viability and tissue health. Research methodologies employed to assess cytotoxicity include in vitro studies with oral cell lines and in vivo investigations using animal models. Stainless steel and nickel-titanium alloys, commonly used in orthodontic brackets and wires, may undergo corrosion, releasing metal ions, especially nickel, linked to cytotoxic effects on oral cells. Ceramic brackets, chosen for aesthetic reasons, present challenges due to their hardness and potential abrasiveness. Additionally, polymers and adhesives used in orthodontics can release substances affecting cell behavior. Addressing these cytotoxic concerns necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, involving orthodontists, material scientists, and researchers. Ongoing research aims to enhance biocompatibility by developing new alloys, ceramics, and polymers that balance mechanical strength with reduced cytotoxic potential.