Cross-Sectional Study on the Correlation between Reproductive History and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Women

Abstract

Background: Hip fractures in older women are a major public health issue due to their morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Based on reproductive history, such as menarche age, number of pregnancies, breastfeeding time, and menopausal state, hormones may alter bone health and fracture risk. Understanding these linkages is essential for targeted prevention.

Method: This cross-sectional study conducted from April 2020 to March 2021, chosen 100 women, 65yrs and older from Kishanganj's MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital. Participants' demographics, reproductive history, and bone health factors were assessed. Data was collected using medical records from Kishanganj's MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital to assess bone mineral density. The statistical study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to assess reproductive history factors and hip fracture risk.

Results: The demographic data showed that all participants were postmenopausal and had an average age of 72.4 years (±5.3). Multiple pregnancies (>3) increased hip fracture risk (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.55, P=0.04), but early menarche (<12 years) significantly reduced risk (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45-0.95, P=0.03). Long-term nursing (>24 months) increased fracture risk (OR: 1.30, 95% CI:1.05-1.61, P=0.02). Late menopause (>52 years) and hormone replacement treatment were associated with a non-significant lower fracture rate (OR: 0.72, P=0.08 and OR:0.70, P=0.07).

Conclusion: This study found that reproductive history significantly affects hip fracture risk in older women. Early menarche reduces fracture risk, whereas many pregnancies and prolonged lactation increase it. These findings emphasise the need for personalised fracture prevention in older women and the importance of reproductive factors in bone health management strategies.