Role of Nt- Pro Bnp Levels in Predicting the Prognosis in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases contribute 29.3% of global deaths as per WHO, with half due to ischemic heart diseases1. In India, it's the top cause of death at 15%, followed by respiratory infections (11%) and cerebrovascular diseases (7%)2. Despite new pharmacological strategies, hypertension therapy, and lifestyle changes, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death 3. Acute coronary syndromes like MI with ST elevation, NSTEMI, and UA are significant health issues, accounting for 20% of emergency department admissions with high risks. Materials & Methods: This is hospital based cross sectional observational study which was conducted in the  Department of general medicine of Private medical college with study period of 1 year. The total sample size of the study was 50 patients. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel. Coding of the variables was done. Analysis was done using SPSS software (Version 27, IBM). Results: Among the study patients, 38 (76%) were males and 12 (24%) were females. STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) 62% of cases, Unstable angina 28%, and NSTEMI (Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) 10% of cases. Association Levels of NT proBNP in various Acute Coronary Syndromes was significant. Association of  Cardiac Enzymes and NT ProBNP Levels was significant.  Association of  Follow up sympstoms and NT ProBNP Levels was significant. Conclusion: NT proBNP is a reliable biomarker for predicting recurrent symptoms, hospital admissions, and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with STEMI, as it is more commonly elevated in this group compared to NSTEMI or unstable angina. Its predictive value is also high for recurrent unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI, and cardiovascular mortality. A cutoff level of NT proBNP above 100 pg/mL can be used to determine prognostic endpoints. Additionally, NT proBNP levels are not influenced by gender in patients under 60 years of age.