A Study on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Abstract

Background: The high incidence of noncommunicable diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, in India leads to approximately 5.8 million deaths annually. Insulin resistance plays a significant role in the development of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). MS consists of four components: hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia, each of which is an independent risk factor for CHD and can work together to accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis and atheroscleropathy associated with MS and T2DM. Materials & Methods: This is hospital based cross sectional observational study which was conducted in the  Department of general medicine of Meenakshi Medical college Hospital and Research Institute with study period of 1 year. The total sample size of the study was 100 patients. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel. Coding of the variables was done. Analysis was done using SPSS software (Version 27, IBM).

Results: The subjects had an average age of 58.56 years and a mean BMI of 25.63, with a standard deviation of 3.90. Additionally, the WHR ranged from 0.78 to 1.55, indicating variations in body fat distribution and potential health risks. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) levels varied from 101 to 208 mg/dL, while Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) levels ranged from 165 to 307 mg/dL, reflecting the variability in glucose metabolism. Serum uric acid levels ranged from 3.1 to 8.4 mg/dL, which is important for evaluating metabolic health and potential gout risk. The prevalence of the condition was 43%, with a highly significant P value of 0.0001.Conclusion: Elevated serum uric acid levels was found to be prevalent in individuals with diabetes, with a significant positive correlation observed between serum uric acid and dyslipidemia, high triglycerides, hypertension, elevated BMI, and increased WHR. Additionally, it was observed that serum uric acid levels rose with the duration of diabetes.