Comprehensive Review on Drug Discovery and Development Process

Abstract

Drug discovery is the systematic procedure of identifying a chemical compound that possesses therapeutic properties for the purpose of healing and treating diseases. This process involves the identification of candidates, the synthesis, characterization, validation, optimization, screening, and testing to assess the therapeutic effectiveness. After a molecule has proven its significance in these investigations, it will initiate the process of developing medication. Preclinical development precedes clinical testing. The process of developing a new drug must advance through several stages in order to create a medication that is both safe and effective, and that meets all regulatory requirements. The essay highlights the lengthy, difficult, and costly nature of producing new medicines. It underscores the need to consider various biological targets for each authorized treatment. In addition, it may be important to employ novel research instruments in order to investigate each novel objective. The process of developing a commercial medicine from early discovery is time-consuming and demanding. The process of developing a new pharmaceutical, from its initial discovery to its approval, usually spans a period of 13 to 15 years and requires an investment of around $1 billion. Usually, a million molecules undergo screening, but only one is chosen for further clinical trials and ultimately becomes accessible to patients. This article provides a succinct summary of the processes involved in the identification and creation of new pharmaceuticals.