Drug Induced Parkinsonism in Schizophrenic Patient: A review article
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Abstract
Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is a common parkinsonian condition that develops because of using medication to treat psychosis. After Parkinson's disease (PD), DIP is the second most common cause of parkinsonism in the elderly. It was initially identified as an adverse reaction to antipsychotics, but it is now known to occur often with antidepressants, calcium channel antagonists, gastrointestinal prokinetics, antiepileptic medications, and many other substances. Due to the clinical similarities between PD and DIP, many individuals with DIP may receive the wrong diagnosis. clinical manifestations of DIP is symmetrical, bilateral parkinsonism without resting tremor. However, because over half of DIP patients show asymmetrical parkinsonism and tremor at rest, it can be difficult to differentiate DIP from PD. The pathophysiology of DIP correlates to drug-induced changes in the basal ganglia motor pathway caused by blockade of dopaminergic receptors. Presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in the striatum are expected to be unaffected by these effects since they are restricted to postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors. Dopaminergic receptor blockers should be prescribed with caution, and physicians should keep attention on their patients' neurological symptoms, especially for parkinsonism and other movement disorders, since DIP may have a significant and lasting impact on their daily lives.