In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches to Anti-Diabetic Drug Screening

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent medical disorder that can lead to severe complications. It is a significant global issue, and it is essential to induce the syndrome in animal models to further our understanding of its development. This understanding may lead to the development of novel treatments and, ultimately, a cure for diabetes. Approximately 90% of individuals with diabetes globally are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Several approaches are used to screen new antidiabetic medicines, such as in vivo and in vitro techniques. In vivo models commonly utilize chemicals like streptozotocin and alloxan to produce diabetes, whereas in vitro techniques demonstrate the direct impact of medicines on the cells involved in human diabetes. In-vitro approaches offer precise data and potential insights into the mechanisms behind diabetes development. Researchers have presented recent methods, such as using viruses to induce diabetes, which are proving beneficial for assessing antidiabetic medications. This review provides a comprehensive collection of information on diabetic models in a single location, which could be a valuable resource for researchers investigating diabetes.

Objectives: This review provides a comprehensive list of in vivo models and in vitro techniques relevant to diabetes research, aiming to aid researchers in making informed decisions and achieving significant outcomes in prevention, management, or treatment.

Conclusions: This review covers in-vivo and in-vitro models for researchers studying diabetes. Animal models have similar characteristics to human diabetes, providing essential tools for understanding endocrine physiology, metabolic changes, and genetic factors. Newer in vitro techniques are needed for evaluating and treating diabetes, while animal models and software-based studies are essential for advancement in diabetes research.