Increasing the Effectiveness of Treating Patients with Combined Injuries of Facial Bones with Assessment of the Hygienic Condition of the Oral Cavity.

Abstract

Combined injury is one of the complex problems of modern medicine. Over the past decades, the structure of injury has changed radically; simultaneous damage to several anatomical structures is noted (Boymuradov Sh.A., 2014, Boymuradov Sh.A., Ibragimov D.D., 2020).

 In the modern world, the increase in the number and speed of vehicles, the technical equipment of industrial and agricultural enterprises, everyday life, extreme sports, as well as the intense rhythm of life, stress factors associated with urbanization have led to an increase in various types of peacetime injuries.

 Fractures of the bones of the maxillofacial region account for about 3% of injuries to the bones of the human skeleton. About 45% of patients in the departments of maxillofacial surgery are victims of trauma to the maxillofacial area. According to statistical studies, victims in 14-20% of cases have combined traumatic brain injury.

 Damage to the tissues of the face and neck is classified as a complex type of injury. The presence of main blood vessels, nerve trunks and branches and, accordingly, an abundance of reflexogenic zones, the proximity of vital organs

predispose to the development of more complications. When providing first aid and treating wounded people with injuries to the face and jaws, the characteristics of injuries to this anatomical region should be taken into account. In the complex of treatment and preventive measures aimed at solving this problem, an important place is occupied by the provision of qualified specialized medical care to victims.

 Prevention of complications from periodontal tissues in the treatment of combined injuries of the maxillofacial area and reducing the percentage of people who have signs of damage to periodontal tissues is an urgent problem in the practice of maxillofacial surgery and the practice of dentistry in general.

 Patients in serious condition are hospitalized in the intensive care unit for the provision of resuscitation care, after the improvement of their general condition, i.e. restoration of adequate breathing, bimaxillary splints are applied. Patients with such injuries most often cannot clean the oral cavity on their own. Food debris, blood clots, and particles of dead tissue are retained in the oral cavity in the interdental spaces, especially when dental wire splints are applied, and create favorable conditions for the proliferation of microorganisms and the development of inflammation of periodontal tissue.

 Thus, individual oral hygiene in patients with combined injuries of the facial bones not only helps remove food debris and soft dental plaque from the splinting structure, ligature wire, teeth, gums, and rubber rods, but also serves as a preventive measure for the development of microflora and provides an opportunity for faster and more favorable fusion of bone fragments of the jaws.

 The purpose of our study was to evaluate the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in patients with combined injuries of the facial bones in order to prevent periodontal tissue diseases.