Prevalence of Amblyopia in Congenital PTOSIS Patients

Abstract

Background: Congenital ptosis is a condition in which the upper eyelid droops and can become noticeable at birth or within the first year of life. It can be caused by issues with the muscles that control the eyelid or nerve problems, such as third nerve paresis or Horner syndrome. The prevalence of congenital ptosis ranges from 0.18% to 1.41% and may also be associated with refractive errors, strabismus, or occlusion of the visual axis, which can increase the risk of developing amblyopia.

Materials & Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 50 patients with congenital ptosis were examined in the Ophthalmology Department of a Private medical college between January 2023 and December 2023. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel. Coding of the variables was done. Analysis was done using SPSS software (Version 27, IBM). Descriptive statistics was used. Association between categorical tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean age (± SD) was 7.95, years ranging from 2 years to 10 years. They were 24 (48%) male and 26 (52%) female patients, 32 (64%) unilateral and 18 (38%) bilateral ptosis. 40% of the sample population exhibits signs of amblyopia. The p Value of association between the Congenital ptosis and amblyopia is 0.000 which is less than < 0.05 so, its statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive assessments for patients with amblyopia and congenital ptosis, which should include measuring ptosis, conducting cycloplegia refraction for refractive error evaluation, examining ocular motility, and facilitating visual rehabilitation following ptosis surgery.