A Comprehensive Review of Microplastic Pollution in South Asian Freshwater Environments

Abstract

While the global discourse on microplastic pollution has garnered significant attention, the plight of South Asian freshwater ecosystems remains shrouded in relative obscurity. This oversight, particularly pronounced in developing nations, including those within South Asia, necessitates urgent redressal. Our meticulous review, drawing from an extensive analysis of 179 pertinent documents sourced from the esteemed Scopus database, endeavors to illuminate this crucial issue. Delving into the depths of South Asian freshwater landscapes, our study unveils the stark reality of microplastic contamination, dissecting its geographical spread, abundance, and the intricate tapestry of its physical and chemical attributes. In this exploration, we accentuate the burgeoning collaborative efforts amongst South Asian nations, with India spearheading pivotal research initiatives. Beyond the scientific realm, our review casts a discerning eye on the profound implications of microplastic infiltration on human health, compelling the formulation of proactive mitigation strategies. Through a synthesis of findings, we underscore the imperative for heightened vigilance and concerted action, advocating for a multifaceted approach encompassing further research endeavors, policy interventions, and international cooperation. In essence, our review serves as a clarion call, illuminating the urgent imperative to safeguard South Asian freshwater ecosystems and fortify human well-being against the insidious encroachment of microplastics.