Exploring the Possible Food-Drug Interactions of Foxtail Millet Diet on Gliclazide in Healthy Rats

Abstract

Foxtail millet has a relatively low glycemic index, which means it helps keep blood sugar levels stable for a longer duration in patients with diabetes. A study was conducted to determine the potential interactions between a 30% and 60% foxtail millet diet (FOMD) and gliclazide in normal rats. The study evaluated the reduction of blood glucose by gliclazide (1 mg/kg) and FOMD 30 and 60. Further study was continued with an optimized diet of FOMD for single (SD) and repeated dose (MD) studies, and the GLI+FOMD60-MD study showed a significant increase in % blood glucose reduction compared to the single-dose study. The study also observed serum gliclazide levels in correlation to blood glucose levels. However, there was no reduction in HbA1c and no increase in insulin with GLI+FOMD60-MD. The pharmacokinetic parameters of gliclazide were estimated using the PK solver program. The analysis explained the changes in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC, and MRT corresponding to the serum levels of gliclazide in GLI+FOMD60-MD.  The interactions observed may be due to the possible pharmacokinetic interactions probably by metabolic interactions. Physicians should be aware of these interactions to avoid potential hypoglycemia and adjust the dosage of gliclazide accordingly.