A Study of Clinical Profile of Snake Bite Victims and its Relationship with Acute Renal Failure at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi

Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the clinical profile of snakebite victims and its correlation with acute renal failure at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, informing evidence-based practices for management.

Method: An estimated 74 snakebite patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. Medical records of adult patients admitted to the General Medicine department from June 1st, 2022, to May 31st, 2023, were reviewed. Data collection involved detailed histories, clinical examinations, and laboratory investigations. Patients were categorised into poisonous and non-poisonous snake bite groups based on clinical or laboratory evidence of envenomation. The incidence of acute renal failure and associated risk factors were analysed.

Results: The study revealed that among 74 snake bite cases, 64.86% were male, with the highest incidence observed in the 31-40 age group (35.13%). Lower extremities were predominantly affected (87.84%), and 52.7% of bites occurred at night. Notably, 73.08% of poisonous snake bite cases received antivenom after a 2-hour interval. Ptosis was the most prevalent neurological finding (34.61%), while haematuria was the most frequent haematological manifestation (50%). Acute renal failure (ARF) occurred in 42.30% of poisonous snake bites, with hypotension significantly associated with cases requiring more dialysis (p = 0.02424). Regional lymphadenopathy showed a trend towards significance in cases requiring more dialysis (p = 0.06060).

Conclusion: In conclusion, the study illuminates the significant impact of poisonous snake bites, highlighting risk factors for acute renal failure (ARF) and emphasing the critical role of timely intervention, particularly in cases of hypotension.