Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation for the Antihyperuricemic Effect of the Root of Sida Cordifolia Linn in Rat Hyperuricemia Model

Abstract

Introduction: The plant Sida cordifolia (Malvaceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases and in Ayurvedic literature is described as Sahadeva, Vatyalika and Vatyapushpi. Different solvents, including ethanol, pet ether, and water was used for extraction. Phytochemical and pharmacognostic research was conducted on the sida cordifolia ethanol extract.

Objectives: The main objective of the present work was to study the pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Sida cordifolia extract for the treatment of hyperuricemia.

Methods: The enzyme assay was done by using bovine milk xanthine oxidase (XO). The XO inhibitory activity in vitro was performed by using different doses of root extract and the degree of XO inhibition was expressed as IC50. The anti hyperuricemic activity of Sida cordifolia was tested in the potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats with oral treatment of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg doses.

Results: Physico-chemical properties revealed total ash (10.00w/w), acid insoluble ash (1.60w/w), water-soluble ash (1.22w/w), water-soluble extractive (10.00w/w), petroleum ether soluble extractive (2.00w/w) and ethanol soluble extractive (9.00w/w). The loss on drying was found to be (6.12w/w). In preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, steroid, tannins and saponins. In HPTLC two peaks (Rf-0.30) for vasicine and (Rf- 0.61) vasicinone were obtained. In the DPPH assay, the ethanol extract of S.cordifolia displayed the highest radical scavenging activity, by effectively reducing DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 12.28± 0.22 µg/ml and NOS assay IC50 value of 163.56± 0.72. The ethanolic extract of Sida cordifolia has moderate activity of XO inhibition with IC50 50 ug/ml. Sida cordifolia extract in enzyme kinetic analysis caused a decrease in the Vmax and inhibited XOD activity. Furthermore, all doses of Sida cordifolia root extracts were able to considerably reduce serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic rats. In comparison to allopurinol 93.93%, residual XOD activity in liver homogenates of Sida cordifolia extract (200 mg/kg) considerably decreased the generation of uric acid in the liver homogenates by suppression of XOD activity by 72.22%.

Conclusions: The present study confirms the antihyperuricemic activity of sida cordifolia linn.