The Crucial Role of Diet in Managing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the type of diabetes that occurs temporarily during pregnancy when the body is unable to produce enough insulin to control elevated blood sugar levels. Dietary intervention has emerged as a cornerstone in GDM management, focusing on regulating blood sugar levels and promoting a healthy pregnancy. Diet management of GDM is based on several fundamental principles. The first and most important step is managing carbohydrates focusing on the composition, type, and amount of carbohydrate intake. Consuming complex carbohydrates with lots of fiber is preferred to maintain stable blood sugar levels. To achieve all nutritional requirements, lean proteins and healthy fats should be included in meal planning. GDM dietary recommendations emphasize portion control and knowledge of the glycemic index of foods, which encourage more precise blood sugar regulation. A holistic lifestyle approach to GDM, which combines dietary changes with regular physical activity, stress management, and other factors, is also highlighted by recent studies. Food orders and split meal plans are essential in GDM management and should be followed by GDM patients even after delivery. The interconnection of many lifestyle factors in achieving the best blood sugar control and maternal well-being is acknowledged comprehensively. GDM patients who practice healthier dietary and lifestyle choices are less prone to have type 2 diabetes after delivery. In conclusion, the importance of diet in ensuring a favourable pregnancy outcome for mothers with GDM is emphasized in this review, along with the necessity of continued research and multidisciplinary cooperation for improving GDM care. Healthcare professionals and patients can work towards better results in managing GDM by becoming aware of the most recent advancements in dietary management.