“Metabolic Alterations in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Comprehensive Biochemical Analysis.”

Abstract

Introduction Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health concern affecting millions of individuals, with a disproportionate impact on developing nations. Renal replacement therapies, such as kidney transplants, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis, play a crucial role in saving lives but contribute significantly to healthcare spending. This research paper presents a comprehensive study conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University) Medical College and Hospital Sangli, focusing on the evolution of metabolic alterations in bones causing abnormal bone homeostasis in CKD patients..Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to conduct a stage-wise biochemical analysis of CKD patients, examining key parameters related to metabolic alterations in bones, including blood urea, serum creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, iPTH, vit.D3, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the interconnectedness of abnormal mineral metabolism, bone health, and extraskeletal problems, with a focus on age, gender, dialysis specifics, medication use, surgical interventions, co-morbidities, and dietary changes.

Methods: The study enrolled a cohort of CKD patients, and their biochemical parameters were analyzed at different stages of the disease progression. The parameters were measured using standardized laboratory techniques. Statistical analyses were performed to identify correlations and significant associations.

 Results: The study observed a highly significant elevation and positive correlation (p<0.001) of blood urea and serum creatinine in CKD patients, emphasizing their utility as markers for disease progression. Significant lowering of serum calcium levels (p<0.004) was noted, primarily attributed to hypovitaminosis D and reduced kidney capacity to release active vitamin D3. Furthermore, a significant elevation of serum phosphorous levels (p<0.009) was identified, indicating progressive hyperphosphatemia associated with CKD.

Conclusions: This research sheds light on the complex interplay of factors in CKD-MBD, emphasizing the implications for bone health and cardiovascular disease. The stage-wise biochemical analysis provides valuable insights for clinicians in managing CKD patients at different disease stages, guiding personalized and effective care strategies.