Carbon nanotubes: recent advances and future perspective in drug delivery

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present promising prospects in drug delivery, owing to their distinctive physicochemical attributes. This review consolidates recent advancements and future trajectories in exploiting CNTs for drug conveyance applications. Functionalization methodologies of CNTs are scrutinized to augment biocompatibility, bolster drug encapsulation, and facilitate targeted delivery. Both covalent and non-covalent approaches are delineated, alongside surface modifications aimed at mitigating cytotoxicity concerns. Furthermore, the multifaceted applications of CNTs encompass delivery vectors for diverse payloads including small molecules, biologics, nucleic acids, and imaging agents. CNTs exhibit potential for precise targeting through ligand conjugation and stimuli-responsive release mechanisms, promising improved therapeutic outcomes. Despite progress, translation into clinical realms is impeded by safety apprehensions regarding CNT toxicity and regulatory exigencies. Further research is warranted to refine safety profiles and ensure regulatory compliance. Moreover, elucidating CNT pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is crucial for comprehensive understanding and optimization. In synthesis, this review encapsulates strides in harnessing CNTs for drug delivery while delineating challenges and future trajectories. Through addressing these challenges and leveraging CNT properties, novel and efficacious drug delivery modalities with profound clinical ramifications can be envisioned.