Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte ratio and Red Cell Distribution Width as Prognostic Marker for Diabetic Kidney Disease with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy/diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major factor contributing to renal failure. To enable prompt and effective treatment, it is critical to detect the onset or progression of diabetic nephropathy early on utilizing the right screening and diagnostic techniques. In patients who suffer from type II diabetes, inflammation is a major factor in the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. DKD in T2DM is recognized to exhibit an inflammatory pathology. Numerous inflammatory markers, comprising interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and various cytokines, have been identified in association with diabetic kidney disease. Their use in ordinary clinical practice is limited for this purpose due to their high cost, unavailability, and challenge in standardizing the test. The total leucocyte count is a rudimentary though accessible, affordable, and sensitive measure of the level of inflammation; WBCs have a positive correlation with inflammation, especially in cardiovascular illnesses. Red blood cell volume variation is quantified by the red blood cell distribution width. An elevated neutrophil count is linked to thrombus formation and ischemic injury. Platelet–lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio are two of the many complete blood count parameters that have been thoroughly studied as inflammatory markers in cardiac and non-cardiac diseases; NLR has been proposed as a predictive indicator for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Numerous researchers have assessed the significance of NLR, PLR, and RDW as DKD markers globally, and they have recognized these as unique surrogate markers of DKD.