Advancements in Surface Treatment Techniques for Dental Implants: Enhancing Osseointegration and Clinical Outcomes

Abstract

Surface treatment of dental implants plays a pivotal role in optimizing implant performance and osseointegration. This comprehensive review examines the current state of surface treatment techniques, including traditional methods and emerging technologies. It explores the principles, effects, and clinical outcomes of various surface treatments, such as acid etching, sandblasting, plasma spraying, anodization, bioactive coatings, surface functionalization, and antibacterial treatments. Additionally, the review discusses in vitro assessment methods, in vivo animal studies, and clinical trials used to evaluate the effectiveness of these surface modifications. The findings emphasize the efficacy of surface treatments in enhancing osseointegration and patient outcomes. Furthermore, the review identifies challenges, such as the need for improved long-term stability and durability of surface-treated implants, and highlights the potential of emerging technologies to address these limitations. Patient-specific modifications for individuals with compromised bone quality or systemic diseases are also discussed. In conclusion, this review outlines the implications of these key findings for clinical practice and future research directions, paving the way for enhanced implant performance and improved patient outcomes in dental implantology.