A Prospective Study on the Management of Nutritional and Metabolic Problems Following Bariatric Surgery

Abstract

Background: The goal of the current research is to examine the short- and long-term effects of three alternative treatments for patients having bariatric surgery as well as variations in weight and parameters of nutrition throughout the preoperative and postoperative phases. Therefore, the study's goal is to control nutritional and metabolic issues that arise after bariatric surgery.

Methods: 146 patients who had LMGB, LRYGB, and LSG, between the years 2019 and 2023 were included in this research. Prospective comparisons were made between the demographic and sociodemographic traits of these patients, weight reductions and dietary modifications throughout the pre and post-operative stages, surgical timeframes, hospital stays, clinical complications and metabolic alterations.

Results: Vitamin D, folic acid, ferritin, parathyroid hormone levels, and iron, were all significantly different in participants undergoing different surgical procedures according to the homeostasis model (P<.005). There was a statistically significant difference between the surgical procedures in terms of weight loss during the post-operative phase in the 12 months after surgery. At the conclusion of the first year, it was discovered that all three approaches were effective in promoting weight reduction. In comparison to LSG, it was discovered that LRYGB and LMGB were superior, although LSG was greater to the other approaches in terms of deficiency of nutrition. LSG and LMGB were less favorable than the LRYGB approach despite having shorter operating times due to the LSG technique's greater incidence of complications.

Conclusion: To assess the effect of bariatric surgery on status of nutrition and to provide suggestions for supplements, long-term prospective studies are required. To prevent iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, anemia, and protein malnutrition after surgery, certain precautions must be taken.