Determination of Altruist and Voluntary Donor Attitudes in the Frame of Basic Bioethical Rules in the Management of Kidney Transplantation at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital

Abstract

The realization of altruist and voluntary donor attitudes is a measure of the success of kidney transplant management in hospitals and is expected to prevent ethical and legal problems, especially the problem of kidney commercialization. The altruist and voluntary donor attitudes were assessed within the framework of the basic rules of bioethics through interviews, document analysis and field observations. This study aims to assess the altruism and voluntary donor attitudes of kidney donors at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study is a qualitative research, using field observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 3 unrelated donors and 1 related donor who had undergone kidney transplantation at RSCM in 2018 and resided in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi areas. The study was conducted at the donor's residence or at a place according to the agreement between the subject and the researcher from October to December 2019. In this study, 2 of the 4 subjects who were related and unrelated kidney donors fulfilled the altruist and voluntary descriptions, namely the presence of aspects of empathy, social responsibility, believing in world justice, internal self-control and low ego, which were influenced by psychosocial factors such as the donor's relationship with the recipient, what is expected of the recipient, donation motivation, quality of life, socioeconomic status, religion and openness regarding donation. So it can be concluded that not all unrelated kidney donors at Cipto Hospital Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2018 have altruist and voluntary attitudes.